Java Arrays

What is an Array?
An array in Java is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of an array is established when it is created and cannot be changed.

Why use Arrays?
Arrays allow you to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value.

Advantages of Arrays:

Store multiple values of the same type easily.
Access elements using index efficiently.
Useful for iterative processing using loops.
Memory is contiguous, making access faster.

एक ही प्रकार के कई values आसानी से स्टोर कर सकते हैं।
Index से elements तक तेज़ी से पहुँच।
Loops के साथ आसानी से process कर सकते हैं।
मेमोरी continuous होती है, इसलिए एक्सेस फास्ट होता है।

Syntax to Declare and Initialize Array:
dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[size];
or
dataType[] arrayName = {value1, value2, ..., valueN};

Array Declare और Initialize करने का Syntax:
dataType[] arrayName = new dataType[size];
या
dataType[] arrayName = {value1, value2, ..., valueN};

Example 1: Print Array Elements

public class ArrayExample1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
        for(int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
            System.out.println("Element at index " + i + " : " + numbers[i]);
        }
    }
}

Output:

Element at index 0 : 10
Element at index 1 : 20
Element at index 2 : 30
Element at index 3 : 40
Element at index 4 : 50

Prints all elements of the array.

Example 2: Sum of Array Elements

public class ArrayExample2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4};
        int sum = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            sum += arr[i];
        }
        System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
    }
}

Output: Sum = 10

Calculates and prints the sum of elements.

Example 3: Find Maximum Element

public class ArrayExample3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {12, 34, 56, 23, 45};
        int max = arr[0];
        for(int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
            if(arr[i] > max) {
                max = arr[i];
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Maximum = " + max);
    }
}

Output: Maximum = 56

Finds and prints the maximum value.

Example 4: Find Minimum Element

public class ArrayExample4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {12, 34, 56, 23, 45};
        int min = arr[0];
        for(int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
            if(arr[i] < min) {
                min = arr[i];
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Minimum = " + min);
    }
}

Output: Minimum = 12

Finds and prints the minimum value.

Example 5: Search Element in Array

public class ArrayExample5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25};
        int target = 15;
        boolean found = false;
        for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            if(arr[i] == target) {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(found) {
            System.out.println("Element " + target + " found.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Element not found.");
        }
    }
}

Output: Element 15 found.

Searches for an element and prints if found or not.

Example 6: Copy Array Elements

public class ArrayExample6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] source = {10, 20, 30};
        int[] dest = new int[source.length];
        for(int i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
            dest[i] = source[i];
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < dest.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(dest[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}

Output: 10 20 30

Copies elements from one array to another and prints the destination array.

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